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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart
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Published on: June 7, 2015

Implantable drug delivery device using frequency-controlled wireless hydrogel microvalves.

Somayyeh Rahimi1, Elie H Sarraf, Gregory K Wong

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Biomedical Microdevices
|December 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a wirelessly operated micromachined device for implantable drug delivery. Radiofrequency magnetic fields control poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel microvalves for precise, frequency-tuned drug release.

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An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components

Published on: July 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Microsystems Engineering

Background:

  • Implantable drug delivery systems require precise control over drug release kinetics.
  • Wireless actuation offers advantages for minimally invasive medical devices.
  • Thermoresponsive hydrogels provide tunable drug release mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a micromachined, wirelessly operated drug delivery device for implant applications.
  • To demonstrate frequency-controlled drug release using thermoresponsive hydrogel microvalves actuated by a resonant heater.
  • To investigate the fabrication and performance of the integrated system.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a polyimide-based micromachined device with a drug reservoir and integrated planar coil resonant heater.
  • In-situ photolithography to form poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel microvalves self-aligned to reservoir release holes.
  • Wireless actuation of the resonant heater using radiofrequency magnetic fields tuned to the circuit's resonant frequency (34 MHz).
  • Characterization of hydrogel actuation, temperature response, and frequency-controlled drug release.

Main Results:

  • The wireless resonant heater achieved a temperature increase of up to 20°C, causing 38% shrinkage of the swelled hydrogel.
  • Hydrogel microvalves demonstrated actuation within an active frequency range of approximately 2 MHz.
  • Successful experimental demonstrations of frequency-controlled temporal drug release were achieved.
  • The device exhibited robust performance with all outer surfaces made of polyimide.

Conclusions:

  • The developed micromachined device enables wireless, frequency-controlled drug delivery for implant applications.
  • Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel microvalves actuated by resonant heaters offer a viable mechanism for precise drug release.
  • This technology holds promise for advanced, minimally invasive therapeutic interventions.