Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 5, 2026

04:59
Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
Published on: September 27, 2019
[Pruritus - an important adverse drug reaction]
1Abteilung Klinische Sozialmedizin, Berufs- und Umweltdermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg. elke.weisshaar@med.uni-heidelberg.de
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|December 25, 2010
Summary
Drug-induced chronic pruritus requires differentiation from acute cases. Given polypharmacy, especially in the elderly, medications are a frequent cause of persistent itching.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Pharmacology
- Internal Medicine
Context:
- Chronic pruritus is a significant clinical challenge, often overlooked as a drug side effect.
- The elderly population frequently experiences polypharmacy, increasing the risk of medication-induced conditions.
- Distinguishing chronic pruritus from acute, transient itch is crucial for effective management.
Purpose:
- To highlight the importance of considering drug induction in chronic pruritus.
- To differentiate between acute and chronic pruritus, particularly in the context of medication use.
- To emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by drug-induced chronic itch.
Summary:
- Drug-induced pruritus can manifest as either acute or chronic itch.
- Chronic pruritus is defined as itch lasting longer than six weeks.
- Medications are a common and often overlooked cause of persistent, chronic pruritus, especially in older adults with multiple prescriptions.
Impact:
- Enhances clinical awareness of drug-induced pruritus.
- Improves diagnostic accuracy for chronic itch conditions.
- Promotes timely and appropriate management strategies for patients with medication-related pruritus.
Related Concept Videos
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Drug Reactions
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drug Toxicity: Overview
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
