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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
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Nursing responsibilities before cardiac catheterization include:Assess for allergies and establish baseline health status.Before cardiac catheterization, assess the patient for allergies to contrast dye. Perform a comprehensive baseline assessment, including vital signs, heart and breath sounds, and a neurovascular assessment of the extremities, noting distal pulses, skin color, and temperature. Instruct the patient to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure. Evaluate baseline laboratory...
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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
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Local anesthesia before IV catheterization.

Sandra Drozdz Burke1, Sonia J Vercler, Ra'Net O Bye

  • 1Urbana Regional Program, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Urbana, USA.

The American Journal of Nursing
|January 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intradermal buffered lidocaine effectively reduces pain during IV catheterization compared to normal saline. Buffered lidocaine is the preferred choice for venipuncture pretreatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pain Management
  • Medical Procedures

Background:

  • Intradermal buffered lidocaine is a known effective local anesthetic for IV catheterization.
  • Intradermal bacteriostatic normal saline is a recently proposed alternative for local anesthesia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of intradermal bacteriostatic normal saline versus intradermal buffered lidocaine.
  • To evaluate local anesthesia effectiveness prior to IV catheterization in adult patients.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized, double-blind, parallel-design, quasiexperimental study.
  • Pain ratings measured using a verbal numeric rating scale at venipuncture.
  • Analysis of covariance used to assess outcome differences related to demographics.

Main Results:

  • Intradermal buffered lidocaine significantly reduced IV catheterization pain compared to normal saline (P = 0.007).
  • No significant association found between pain reduction and age, sex, race, ethnicity, catheter size, or IV site location.

Conclusions:

  • Intradermal buffered lidocaine is superior to normal saline for local anesthesia before IV catheterization.
  • Buffered lidocaine is recommended as the primary choice for venipuncture pretreatment.