Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...

Meiosis I

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...

Meiosis I

Meiosis I

Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Women's Knowledge of Bladder Health: What We Have Learned in the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium.

Current bladder dysfunction reports·2023

Same author

Influence of the Flowable Resin Layer on Bond Strength Between Resin Cement and a Universal Adhesive Applied in the Immediate Dentin-sealing Technique.

Operative dentistry·2022

Same author

Non-centrosymmetric superconductor Th[Formula: see text]Be[Formula: see text]Pt[Formula: see text] and heavy-fermion U[Formula: see text]Be[Formula: see text]Pt[Formula: see text] cage compounds.

Scientific reports·2021

Same author

Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Cluster Abundances, Weak Lensing, and Galaxy Correlations.

Physical review letters·2021

Same author

Clinical significance of tumor mutation burden and DNA damage repair in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer patients.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·2020

Same author

Reliability and validity of two software systems used to measure the pharyngeal airway space in three-dimensional analysis.

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery·2019

Same journal

Functional and Mechanistic Interplay of Host and Viral Alternative Splicing Regulation during Influenza Infection.

Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology·2020

Same journal

Myriad RNAs and RNA-Binding Proteins Control Cell Functions, Explain Diseases, and Guide New Therapies.

Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology·2020

Same journal

Small RNA Function in Plants: From Chromatin to the Next Generation.

Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology·2020

Same journal

U1 snRNP Telescripting Roles in Transcription and Its Mechanism.

Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology·2020

Same journal

The THO Complex as a Paradigm for the Prevention of Cotranscriptional R-Loops.

Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology·2020

Same journal

Biophysical Properties of HP1-Mediated Heterochromatin.

Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology·2020

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Published on: August 25, 2019

Thoughts on aneuploidy.

E M Torres¹, B R Williams, Y-C Tang

¹Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

|February 4, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Aneuploidy, an abnormal chromosome number, harms cells by increasing protein synthesis demands and causing stress. This cellular stress response is linked to disease and death across organisms.

More Related Videos

Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes

Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes

Published on: April 13, 2018

Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I

Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I

Published on: April 10, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Semiconductor Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy

Published on: August 25, 2019

Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes

Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes

Published on: April 13, 2018

Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I

Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

Genetics
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Aneuploidy, the gain or loss of chromosomes, is a significant karyotypic abnormality.
This condition is detrimental and linked to disease and mortality in studied organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cellular effects of aneuploidy in yeast and primary mouse cells.
To understand the underlying mechanisms causing cellular dysfunction in aneuploid cells.

Main Methods:

Characterization of aneuploid yeast and primary mouse cells.
Phenotypic analysis of cellular energy requirements and proteotoxic stress.

Main Results:

Aneuploidy was found to be detrimental at the cellular level in both yeast and mouse cells.
Aneuploid cells displayed phenotypes indicative of increased energy demand and proteotoxic stress.
Active gene expression from extra chromosomes in aneuploid cells contributes to cellular burden.

Conclusions:

Aneuploidy imposes a significant burden on protein synthesis and quality-control pathways.
The cellular response to this burden is characterized as an 'aneuploidy stress response'.