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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in &#946;-Cells Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in β-Cells Differentiation from Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells and β cells: the same, but different?

L Charles Murtaugh1

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. murtaugh@genetics.utah.edu

Cell Stem Cell
|March 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New research indicates that pancreatic beta cells regenerate from both stem cells and existing beta cells, resolving a long-standing scientific debate. This finding offers new insights into diabetes research and beta cell biology.

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Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The origin of new pancreatic beta cells has been a subject of extensive scientific debate.
  • Two primary hypotheses exist: derivation from resident stem cells or proliferation of pre-existing beta cells.

Discussion:

  • This study provides evidence supporting both proposed mechanisms of beta cell regeneration.
  • The findings suggest a dual origin for new beta cells, integrating previous conflicting viewpoints.

Key Insights:

  • Pancreatic beta cells can arise from both stem cell differentiation and direct replication of existing cells.
  • This dual-origin model reconciles long-standing discrepancies in beta cell research.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into the regulatory pathways governing these two regenerative processes is warranted.
  • Understanding these mechanisms could pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes treatment.