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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
3-d guided endoscopic surgery of paranasal sinuses
1Professor and Chairman, ENT Department, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Abstract:
The endoscopic approach to surgery of paranasal sinuses has become the state-of-the-art treatment of chronic sinusitis. A significant disadvantage of the common endoscope is its monocular (two-dimensional) view, as the depth of the sinus system must then be estimated primarily on operating experience and continuous training. A stereoendoscope, on the other hand, has significant advantages. A stereoendoscope can produce a three-dimensional image and thereby emulate the physiological process of vision. The surgeon, therefore, need no longer rely on operating experience to determine the depth of various structures.
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