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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

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Implantation and Control of Wireless, Battery-free Systems for Peripheral Nerve Interfacing
Published on: October 20, 2021
History of peripheral nerve stimulation
1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA.
Progress in Neurological Surgery
|March 23, 2011
Summary
Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) offers a long-standing neuromodulation treatment for pain. This review details its historical evolution, technological advancements, and expanding clinical applications.
Area of Science:
- Neuromodulation
- Pain Management
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has been a recognized neuromodulation technique since the 1960s.
- It is utilized for managing diverse painful conditions.
- This review examines the historical trajectory of PNS.
Observation:
- The history of PNS is segmented into three distinct eras.
- Key developments include procedural innovations, equipment advancements, and expanded indications.
- PNS represents the fastest-growing area within operative neuromodulation.
Findings:
- The field of PNS is characterized by continuous evolution.
- Ongoing research and technological progress are driving its expansion.
- Emerging clinical uses are being supported by scientific and clinical advancements.
Implications:
- PNS is a dynamic field with significant potential for future pain management solutions.
- Continued research and development will further refine PNS procedures and broaden its therapeutic scope.
- The growth of PNS highlights its increasing importance in treating chronic pain.

