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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

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"Herd immunity": a rough guide.

Paul Fine1, Ken Eames, David L Heymann

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. Paul.Fine@Ishtm.ac.uk

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|March 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herd immunity, or indirect protection, is often misunderstood. This concept describes how immune individuals can protect susceptible populations from infection spread and disease incidence.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Dynamics

Background:

  • The term "herd immunity" lacks a single, universally accepted definition.
  • Existing definitions vary in focus, including proportion immune, infection incidence thresholds, and population protection.
  • A common understanding involves reduced infection risk for susceptible individuals due to proximity of immune individuals, known as indirect protection or herd effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the multifaceted meanings of "herd immunity."
  • To provide historical, epidemiologic, theoretical, and public health perspectives on the concept.
  • To establish a unified understanding of herd immunity in scientific and public health discourse.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical, epidemiologic, and theoretical contexts.
  • Analysis of pragmatic public health applications and implications.
  • Conceptual synthesis of diverse interpretations of herd immunity.

Main Results:

  • "Herd immunity" is used to describe immune proportions, infection incidence thresholds, and population-level protection.
  • A key implication is the "herd effect" or "indirect protection" offered to susceptible individuals.
  • The concept encompasses historical origins, epidemiological patterns, theoretical models, and practical public health considerations.

Conclusions:

  • Clarifying the definition of herd immunity is crucial for effective public health strategies.
  • Understanding the "herd effect" is vital for disease control and prevention.
  • A comprehensive perspective integrating historical, epidemiological, theoretical, and practical aspects is needed.