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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Density01:19

Crystal Density

The crystal lattice structure of a material allows us to determine how many molecules exist in its unit cell. With this information, alongside the unit-cell parameters - three distance parameters (a, b, c) and three angular parameters (α, β, γ).Density (ρ) = (Z × M) / (a × b × c × NA)where:Z is the number of formula units per unit cellM is the molar mass of the substancea, b, and c are the edge lengths of the unit cellNA is Avogadro’s numberFor a simple cubic lattice, atoms are located only at...
Density00:56

Density

Density is an important characteristic of substances, crucial in determining whether an object sinks or floats in a fluid. Its SI unit is kg/m3, and its cgs unit is g/cm3. The density of an object helps in identifying its composition, and also reveals information about the phase of the matter and its substructure. The densities of liquids and solids are roughly comparable, consistent with the fact that their atoms are in close contact. However, gases have much lower densities than liquids and...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Strain-Energy Density01:20

Strain-Energy Density

Understanding the strain energy density in materials under axial load is crucial for evaluating their mechanical behavior and durability. When a rod is subjected to such a load, it elongates and stores energy, known as strain energy, as potential energy within the material. This energy is measured in terms of energy per unit volume.
In the elastic region of a material, the relationship between the stress and the strain is linear and follows Hooke's Law. The strain energy density in this region...
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...

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Updated: Jun 3, 2026

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
06:57

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Published on: July 17, 2020

Dislocations jam at any density.

Georgios Tsekenis1, Nigel Goldenfeld, Karin A Dahmen

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Loomis Laboratory of Physics, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801-3080, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dislocations in crystalline materials jam due to elastic interactions, with jamming stress increasing with dislocation density. This jamming occurs at any density, unlike in granular materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid Mechanics

Background:

  • Crystalline materials exhibit intermittent plastic deformation driven by dislocation-slip avalanches.
  • Dislocation behavior is governed by long-range elastic interactions, leading to jamming or mobile phases based on applied stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between critical stress and dislocation density in two-dimensional crystalline materials.
  • To understand the jamming behavior of dislocations and compare it to jamming phenomena in granular materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized discrete dislocation dynamics simulations in two dimensions.
  • Employed scaling arguments to analyze the critical stress and dislocation density relationship.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the critical stress for dislocation jamming scales with the square root of the dislocation density.
  • Showed that dislocations jam at any density in crystalline materials, irrespective of the density value.

Conclusions:

  • Dislocation jamming in crystalline materials is a fundamental property influenced by elastic interactions and density.
  • Unlike granular materials, crystalline materials do not require a critical density threshold to exhibit jamming behavior.