Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Multimodal treatment combining cold atmospheric plasma and acidic fibroblast growth factor for multi-tissue regeneration.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2021
Same author

Cold atmospheric plasma as an interface biotechnology for enhancing surgical implants.

Critical reviews in biotechnology·2021
Same author

Controlling stem cell fate using cold atmospheric plasma.

Stem cell research & therapy·2020
Same author

Recent advances in the implant-based drug delivery in otorhinolaryngology.

Acta biomaterialia·2020
Same author

A multifunctional dexamethasone-delivery implant fabricated using atmospheric plasma and its effects on apoptosis, osteogenesis and inflammation.

Drug delivery and translational research·2020
Same author

Author Correction: Mechanosensation of cyclical force by PIEZO1 is essential for innate immunity.

Nature·2019
Same journal

Nanotechnology-Stem Cell Strategies in 3D Glioblastoma Organoid: Targeting Glioma Stem Cells Within a Complex Tumor Microenvironment.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster by Capture Hi-C (CHi-C).

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of Streptomyces by Hi-C.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

CUT&Tag Epigenomic Profiling of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Rhizobium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Lotus japonicus and Other Legumes.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Characterization of Bioactive Saponins from Sea Cucumbers.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Packaging HIV- or FIV-based Lentivector Expression Constructs & Transduction of VSV-G Pseudotyped Viral Particles
11:08

Packaging HIV- or FIV-based Lentivector Expression Constructs & Transduction of VSV-G Pseudotyped Viral Particles

Published on: April 8, 2012

Introduction to viral vectors.

James N Warnock1, Claire Daigre, Mohamed Al-Rubeai

  • 1School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering and Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral vectors are key for gene transfer, enabling therapeutic gene expression in specific cells. Various virus types are explored for gene therapy, with clinical use depending on efficiency, safety, and production factors.

More Related Videos

Lentiviral Vector Preparation for Efficient Gene and MicroRNA Modulation of Peritoneal Cavity Tissue-Resident Macrophages In Vivo in Mice
06:33

Lentiviral Vector Preparation for Efficient Gene and MicroRNA Modulation of Peritoneal Cavity Tissue-Resident Macrophages In Vivo in Mice

Published on: February 16, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Packaging HIV- or FIV-based Lentivector Expression Constructs & Transduction of VSV-G Pseudotyped Viral Particles
11:08

Packaging HIV- or FIV-based Lentivector Expression Constructs & Transduction of VSV-G Pseudotyped Viral Particles

Published on: April 8, 2012

Lentiviral Vector Preparation for Efficient Gene and MicroRNA Modulation of Peritoneal Cavity Tissue-Resident Macrophages In Vivo in Mice
06:33

Lentiviral Vector Preparation for Efficient Gene and MicroRNA Modulation of Peritoneal Cavity Tissue-Resident Macrophages In Vivo in Mice

Published on: February 16, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Viral vectors are essential tools for gene transfer, facilitating the expression of therapeutic genes within target cells or tissues.
  • Gene therapy aims to modify cellular function using genetic material delivered by vectors.
  • Numerous viral vector types are under investigation for their potential in clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of viral vectors used in gene transfer.
  • To discuss the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of various viral vectors for gene therapy.
  • To highlight factors influencing the selection of viral vectors for clinical use.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on viral vector technology.
  • Analysis of different viral vector types including adenoviruses, retroviruses, poxviruses, adeno-associated viruses, baculoviruses, and herpes simplex viruses.
  • Comparative assessment of viral vectors based on key performance and safety metrics.

Main Results:

  • Viral vectors offer efficient gene transfer for transient or permanent transgene expression.
  • Key viral vector candidates include adenoviruses, retroviruses (gamma-retroviruses, lentiviruses), poxviruses, adeno-associated viruses, baculoviruses, and herpes simplex viruses.
  • The efficacy, safety, production feasibility, and stability of viral vectors dictate their suitability for clinical gene therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Viral vectors are a versatile platform for gene therapy, with diverse viral types offering unique properties.
  • Selection criteria for clinical gene therapy vectors emphasize transgene expression efficiency, safety, and manufacturing considerations.
  • Ongoing research continues to refine viral vector technology for improved therapeutic outcomes.