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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
Published on: February 11, 2012
A divalent germanium complex of calix[5]arene
Aaron C Schrick1, Arnold L Rheingold, Charles S Weinert
1Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA.
The reaction of germylene with calix[5]arene produced the first group 14 calix[5]arene complex. This novel material features two calix[5]arene macrocycles linked by a germanium-oxygen rhombus.
Area of Science:
- Organometallic Chemistry
- Supramolecular Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Germylenes are reactive species with unique bonding capabilities.
- Calix[5]arenes are versatile macrocyclic hosts with tunable cavities.
- The synthesis of novel group 14 complexes is crucial for developing new materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize the first group 14 calix[5]arene complex.
- To investigate the structural properties of this new class of compounds.
- To explore the potential applications of germanium-containing macrocycles.
Main Methods:
- Reaction of germylene Ge[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2) with calix[5]arene.
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
- Spectroscopic characterization (e.g., NMR, IR).
Main Results:
- Successful synthesis of the first group 14 calix[5]arene complex.
- Crystal structure determination revealed a Ge(2)O(2) rhombus linking two calix[5]arene units.
- The complex exhibits a unique supramolecular architecture.
Conclusions:
- This study reports the first successful synthesis of a group 14 calix[5]arene complex.
- The obtained crystal structure provides insights into the coordination behavior of germylenes with macrocycles.
- This work opens new avenues for designing germanium-based supramolecular structures.
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