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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) offer bioorthogonal properties for creating dynamic nano- and microdroplets within biological systems.
  • Monitoring droplet behavior requires fluorous-soluble fluorophores compatible with existing imaging techniques and model organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel red-shifted fluorous-soluble fluorophores for tracking PFC nanoemulsions.
  • To investigate the impact of fluorous tags on cyanine dye photophysical properties.
  • To demonstrate the utility of these dyes in live-cell and in vivo imaging applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and photophysical characterization of fluorous cyanine dyes.
  • Evaluation of fluorous tag effects on spectral and quantum yield properties.
  • Application of dyes for tracking PFC nanoemulsions in macrophage cells.
  • Utilizing dyes for mechanical force measurements in multicellular spheroids and zebrafish embryos.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of the most red-shifted fluorous-soluble cyanine dyes to date.
  • Demonstrated compatibility with standard fluorescent protein markers.
  • Successful tracking of perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions in macrophage cells.
  • Enabled precise mechanical force measurements in complex biological tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorous cyanine dyes provide spectral flexibility for multiplexed imaging.
  • These dyes enhance precision in biological force measurements.
  • The developed fluorophores are valuable tools for bioorthogonal chemistry and biophysics research.