[Microbial spectrum of nosocomial pneumonia in traumatological patients]

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Clinical Medicine

Background:

• Nosocomial pneumonia is a significant complication in hospitalized patients, particularly those undergoing orthopedic procedures.
• Understanding the microbial etiology and antibiotic resistance patterns is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the microbiological agents and antibiotic resistance profiles of nosocomial pneumonia in traumatological patients.
• To determine the prevalence of different microbial structures and their susceptibility to various antibiotics.

Main Methods:

• Microbiological investigation of 727 traumatological patients with hip replacement or limb osteosynthesis.
• Isolation and identification of microbial strains from 27 cases of nosocomial pneumonia.
• Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolated microbial strains.

Main Results:

• Nosocomial pneumonia was diagnosed in 3.7% of patients (27 cases).
• A total of 66 microbial strains were isolated, with polymicrobial infections (85.2%) being more common than monomicrobial infections (14.8%).
• Key pathogens identified include Staphylococcus aureus (27.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.7%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (15.2%), Acinetobacter baumannii (10.6%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.6%).
• High levels of antibiotic resistance and pan-resistance were observed among the isolated strains.

Conclusions:

• The study highlights the significant challenge posed by antibiotic-resistant pathogens in nosocomial pneumonia among trauma patients.
• Prompt and accurate antibiotic selection based on etiological diagnosis and susceptibility testing is critical for successful antimicrobial therapy.
• Empirical treatment should consider broad-spectrum agents like carbapenems, with linezolid or vancomycin recommended for suspected MRSA infections.