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Related Concept Videos

Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Deciphering and Imaging Pathogenesis and Cording of Mycobacterium abscessus in Zebrafish Embryos
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Published on: September 9, 2015

Pulmonary actinomycosis: the great masquerader.

Hussam Elkambergy1, Farzan Irani, Kelechi Okoli

  • 1St Vincent Mercy Medical Center, Internal Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, 43608, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Actinomycosis, a rare lung infection, can mimic cancer. Diagnosis was challenging, requiring surgery, but penicillin treatment led to recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Actinomycosis is an uncommon bacterial infection.
  • Thoracic actinomycosis presents with diverse symptoms, often resembling lung cancer or tuberculosis.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a challenging case of thoracic actinomycosis.
  • To highlight diagnostic difficulties in differentiating actinomycosis from malignancy.
  • To emphasize the effectiveness of penicillin V in treating this infection.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 54-year-old male with persistent cough and lung mass.
  • Initial diagnostic workup included computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy and bronchoscopy.

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  • Definitive diagnosis was established via thoracotomy and histopathologic examination.

    • Main Results:

    • CT-guided biopsy and bronchoscopy were non-diagnostic.
    • Histopathology confirmed actinomycosis infection.
    • The patient showed excellent clinical and radiological improvement after penicillin V treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Thoracic actinomycosis can be difficult to diagnose, often requiring invasive procedures.
    • Despite diagnostic challenges, actinomycosis is treatable with appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
    • Penicillin V is an effective treatment for thoracic actinomycosis.