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ADHD in children and adolescents
Daphne Keen1, Irene Hadijikoumi
1Department of Developmental Paediatrics, St George's Hospital, London, UK.
BMJ Clinical Evidence
|July 2, 2011
Summary
This systematic review examines the effectiveness and safety of various treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, including medications and behavioral therapies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Psychiatry
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Evidence-Based Medicine
Background:
- Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school children varies widely (1.7%-16.0%) based on diagnostic criteria.
- ADHD diagnosis is clinical, lacking objective tests, and often co-occurs with other conditions.
- Existing prevalence estimates for ADHD show significant variability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the effects of pharmacological treatments for ADHD in children and adolescents.
- To evaluate the efficacy and safety of psychological and combination treatments for ADHD.
- To answer key clinical questions regarding ADHD interventions.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of 70 studies including systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies.
- Searched major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to August 2009.
- Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies (FDA, MHRA).
Main Results:
- Evaluated the quality of evidence for various ADHD interventions using GRADE methodology.
- Identified studies on atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, dexamfetamine, homeopathy, methylphenidate, modafinil, omega-3 fatty acids, and psychological treatments.
- Included a comprehensive analysis of pharmacological and psychological interventions.
Conclusions:
- Presents information on the effectiveness and safety of multiple ADHD interventions.
- Covers a range of treatments including medications like methylphenidate and behavioral therapies.
- Provides a review of evidence for pharmacological, psychological, and combination ADHD treatments.
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