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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience, such as differences...
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of cells.
Two...
Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
11:36

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

Published on: April 28, 2016

Developmental effects of ghrelin.

Sophie M Steculorum1, Sebastien G Bouret

  • 1The Saban Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.

Peptides
|July 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Ghrelin, a hormone regulating feeding and growth, also impacts perinatal development. Altered perinatal ghrelin levels can lead to lasting physiological changes and organ development differences.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Ghrelin is recognized for its roles in adult feeding and growth hormone release.
  • Emerging evidence highlights ghrelin's significant influence during perinatal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the developmental and organizational effects of ghrelin during the perinatal period.
  • To investigate the impact of ghrelin on early developmental events and organogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ghrelin's perinatal actions.
  • Analysis of studies examining ghrelin's effects on blastocyst development, perinatal growth, and organ structure.
  • Examination of research on ghrelin's influence on early-life appetite centers.

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Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice
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Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

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Fat Preference: A Novel Model of Eating Behavior in Rats

Published on: June 27, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
11:36

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

Published on: April 28, 2016

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice
10:28

Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

Published on: May 24, 2018

Fat Preference: A Novel Model of Eating Behavior in Rats
05:57

Fat Preference: A Novel Model of Eating Behavior in Rats

Published on: June 27, 2014

Main Results:

  • Perinatal ghrelin regulates key developmental events, including blastocyst development and overall growth.
  • Alterations in perinatal ghrelin levels are associated with structural modifications in organs like the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract.
  • Ghrelin influences appetite-related brain centers during early life.

Conclusions:

  • Ghrelin plays a crucial role in perinatal development, affecting organogenesis and physiological regulation.
  • Exposure to factors disrupting perinatal ghrelin signaling may result in long-term physiological consequences.
  • Understanding ghrelin's developmental impact is vital for addressing potential long-term health outcomes.