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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
03:19

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: June 21, 2024

Urolithiasis in the emergency department.

Autumn Graham1, Samuel Luber, Allan B Wolfson

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington Hospital Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA. autumngraham@gmail.com

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|July 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Urolithiasis, or kidney stones, often cause severe flank pain. Prompt diagnosis with noncontrast computed tomography and appropriate pain management are key, with emergent intervention needed for infected obstructing stones.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
03:19

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Urology

Background:

  • Urolithiasis frequently presents as acute, severe unilateral flank pain in emergency departments.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and to exclude other conditions.
  • Pain management is a primary concern for patients with kidney stones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and management strategies for patients presenting with suspected urolithiasis.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely intervention in specific high-risk cases.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of patients with suspected kidney stones using noncontrast computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
  • Assessment of pain management options, including narcotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs).
  • Identification of urological emergencies requiring immediate intervention.

Main Results:

  • Noncontrast CT is recommended for first-time or atypical stone presentations.
  • Narcotics are standard for pain, with NSAIDs offering a safe alternative or adjunct in select cases.
  • Obstructing stones with suspected urinary tract infection constitute emergencies.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney stone diagnosis and management require a tailored approach based on presentation.
  • Effective pain control is essential, with various pharmacological options available.
  • Prompt recognition and management of infected obstructing stones are critical to prevent severe complications.