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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

Imaging pH with hyperpolarized 13C.

Ferdia A Gallagher1, Mikko I Kettunen, Kevin M Brindle

  • 1Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. fag1000@cam.ac.uk

NMR in Biomedicine
|August 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) with hyperpolarized carbon-13 (¹³C) enables novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tissue pH. This technique offers a promising new method for visualizing pH in vivo, with potential clinical applications for disease diagnosis.

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Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate
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Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate

Published on: September 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Tissue pH is a critical physiological parameter often dysregulated in diseases like cancer and inflammation.
  • Current methods lack routine spatial pH imaging capabilities in humans.
  • Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) significantly enhances magnetic resonance (MR) sensitivity, enabling new imaging possibilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare current pH imaging techniques with novel DNP-based approaches.
  • To explore the use of hyperpolarized carbon-13 (¹³C) for in vivo pH measurement.
  • To assess the potential clinical translation of DNP-enhanced pH imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing hyperpolarized ¹³C-labeled bicarbonate for extracellular pH imaging via the ¹³CO₂/H¹³CO₃⁻ ratio.
  • Employing hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate for intracellular pH imaging, leveraging its metabolic conversion to ¹³CO₂.
  • Applying Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and spectroscopic imaging techniques for pH mapping.

Main Results:

  • DNP-based MRI allows for the spatial mapping of tissue pH.
  • The bicarbonate method predominantly measures extracellular pH in murine tumor models.
  • The pyruvate method allows for predominantly intracellular pH measurement in tissues like the heart.

Conclusions:

  • DNP-enhanced ¹³C-MRI provides a sensitive method for imaging tissue pH.
  • Both bicarbonate and pyruvate approaches utilize endogenous molecules, suggesting clinical feasibility.
  • This technique holds significant potential for advancing disease diagnosis and monitoring.