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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering
08:04

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

Published on: April 25, 2013

Mechanical loading: bone remodeling and cartilage maintenance.

Hiroki Yokota1, Daniel J Leong, Hui B Sun

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.

Current Osteoporosis Reports
|August 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanical loading impacts bone remodeling and cartilage health. Understanding the crosstalk between these tissues, especially via the Wnt pathway, is key to preventing bone loss and cartilage degeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical engineering
  • Cell biology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Mechanical loading significantly influences bone remodeling and cartilage maintenance.
  • While moderate loading is beneficial, excessive or insufficient loading can lead to bone fracture and cartilage degradation.
  • Cartilage and bone are tightly coupled, meaning changes in one tissue impact the other, as seen in bone marrow lesions and cartilage defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex interplay between bone remodeling and cartilage degeneration.
  • To investigate the signaling pathways, particularly the Wnt pathway, involved in the crosstalk between bone and cartilage.
  • To inform the development of therapeutic loading strategies for preventing bone and cartilage damage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biomechanical signals in bone and cartilage.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the relationship between bone marrow lesions and cartilage defects.
  • Examination of research on signaling pathway crosstalk, focusing on the Wnt pathway.

Main Results:

  • Mechanical loading provides critical biomechanical signals for bone and cartilage homeostasis.
  • Alterations in cartilage integrity are linked to bone remodeling, and bone marrow lesions correlate with cartilage defects.
  • Evidence strongly suggests crosstalk between bone and cartilage maintenance mechanisms, notably involving the Wnt pathway.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of the spatio-temporal interplay between bone remodeling and cartilage degeneration is crucial.
  • Targeting the identified crosstalk, especially the Wnt pathway, may lead to novel therapeutic loading strategies.
  • Developing such strategies can help prevent bone loss and cartilage degeneration, improving joint health.