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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Abruption-associated prematurity.

Christina S Han1, Frederick Schatz, Charles J Lockwood

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA. christina.han@yale.edu

Clinics in Perinatology
|September 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Decidual hemorrhage, including placental abruption, contributes to preterm birth by activating thrombin. This process promotes inflammation and matrix degradation, leading to preterm delivery and potential mortality.

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Published on: June 24, 2020

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
08:50

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development

Published on: June 24, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Obstetrics
  • Maternal-fetal medicine

Background:

  • Chronic decidual hemorrhage, such as placental abruption, is a significant factor in preterm parturition.
  • This condition involves retrochorionic hematoma formation and can lead to severe maternal and fetal complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of decidual hemorrhage in the mechanisms of preterm birth.
  • To understand the molecular pathways linking hemorrhage to preterm delivery and membrane rupture.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the biochemical cascade initiated by decidual hemorrhage.
  • Investigation into the role of tissue factor, thrombin, and protease-activated receptors.

Main Results:

  • Decidual hemorrhage induces thrombin generation via decidual tissue factor.
  • Thrombin activates protease-activated receptors, promoting pro-inflammatory cytokine and matrix-degrading metalloproteinase production.
  • This cascade contributes to preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Decidual hemorrhage is a key initiator of preterm birth through a thrombin-mediated inflammatory pathway.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing preterm delivery.
  • Severe abruption poses significant risks for maternal and fetal outcomes.