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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...

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Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

Molecular catalysis for fullerene functionalization.

Kenichiro Itami1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. itami.kenichiro@a.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|September 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel molecular catalyst methods for fullerene functionalization, enabling new reactions like organoboron addition and C-H bond modifications for advanced nanocarbon synthesis.

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Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Fullerene chemistry is crucial for developing novel carbon-based nanomaterials.
  • Exploring efficient functionalization methods for fullerenes is an ongoing challenge.
  • Molecular catalysis offers a promising avenue for controlled fullerene modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present advancements in fullerene functionalization chemistry using molecular catalysts.
  • To showcase the development of new reactions for modifying fullerene structures.
  • To explore the potential of these methods in nanocarbon synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing molecular catalysts to drive various addition and substitution reactions on fullerenes.
  • Investigating organoboron addition reactions.
  • Exploring C-H bond functionalization, including allylation and arylation.
  • Examining C-C bond cleavage in alkynyl(hydro)fullerenes.
  • Developing regioselective tetraallylation techniques.
  • Investigating nucleophilic substitution and cycloaddition reactions involving aziridinofullerene.

Main Results:

  • Successful development of six distinct fullerene functionalization reactions.
  • Demonstrated organoboron addition to fullerenes.
  • Achieved C-H bond allylation and arylation of organo(hydro)fullerenes.
  • Reported C-H/C-C bond cleavage of alkynyl(hydro)fullerenes.
  • Established regioselective tetraallylation of fullerenes.
  • Executed double nucleophilic substitution of aziridinofullerene.
  • Performed [2+2] cycloaddition of aziridinofullerene with alkynes.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular catalysis is a powerful tool for advancing fullerene functionalization.
  • The developed reactions offer new pathways for creating diverse fullerene derivatives.
  • These strategies open up novel approaches for nanocarbon synthesis and material design.