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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Persistent spin oscillations in a spin-orbit-coupled superconductor.

Amit Agarwal1, Marco Polini, Rosario Fazio

  • 1NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy.

Physical Review Letters
|September 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quasi-two-dimensional superconductors exhibit collective spin oscillations when a supercurrent is applied. These excitations can be harnessed to create persistent spin oscillators for technological applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) superconductors are materials with unique electronic properties.
  • Tunable spin-orbit coupling in these systems offers potential for novel applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate collective spin dynamics in quasi-2D superconductors.
  • To explore the excitation of these dynamics using supercurrents.
  • To propose a device based on these phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation of spin dynamics in quasi-2D superconductors.
  • Analysis of collective spin oscillations.
  • Modeling of supercurrent-induced excitation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of undamped collective spin oscillations in quasi-2D superconductors.
  • Identification of supercurrents as a method for exciting these oscillations.
  • Characterization of the frequency range for potential applications.

Conclusions:

  • Quasi-2D superconductors host controllable spin dynamics.
  • Collective spin oscillations can be excited and potentially utilized.
  • These findings pave the way for persistent spin oscillators operating at high frequencies.