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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

Effect of elevation resolution on evapotranspiration simulations using MODFLOW.

B V N P Kambhammettu¹, Wolfgang Schmid, James P King

¹Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. phani@nmsu.edu

|September 16, 2011

Summary

High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) improve evapotranspiration (ET) simulations in MODFLOW groundwater models. Modifying the ET package accounts for elevation variability, offering an alternative to computationally intensive grid refinement.

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Published on: April 3, 2014

Area of Science:

* Hydrology and Hydrogeology
* Computational Groundwater Modeling
* Remote Sensing and GIS

Background:

* MODFLOW models often use lower-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) than available high-resolution data.
* Conventional grid refinement to match DEM resolution is computationally expensive and impractical for large areas.
* Evapotranspiration (ET) simulation accuracy is sensitive to surface elevation data resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

* To develop and test a method for utilizing high-resolution DEMs in MODFLOW's evapotranspiration package without grid refinement.
* To assess the impact of DEM resolution and aggregation on ET estimates.
* To provide a computationally efficient alternative for simulating ET in regional groundwater models.

Main Methods:

* Modified the MODFLOW evapotranspiration package source code.
* Incorporated variability of elevation data from DEMs at fixed MODFLOW grid resolution.
* Corrected piezometric head based on elevation gradients within DEM cells.
* Tested the method in the Lower Rio Grande (LRG) Basin, New Mexico, using aggregated DEMs.

Main Results:

* Variability in depth-to-groundwater significantly impacts ET outflows in shallow groundwater systems.
* DEM aggregation introduced smoothing errors, lowering the simulated water table.
* Aggregation methods led to decreased volumetric outflow compared to finer resolutions.

Conclusions:

* The modified MODFLOW ET package effectively utilizes high-resolution DEM data without grid refinement.
* DEM aggregation methods can introduce errors affecting groundwater-surface water interactions.
* Accurate representation of surface elevation variability is crucial for reliable ET simulations in MODFLOW.