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Transient hydraulic tomography (THT) effectively characterizes fractured aquifers. Excluding low-quality data significantly improves THT model performance, with gradient-based optimization showing slightly better validation results.

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrogeology
  • Geophysics
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Sub-surface characterization in fractured aquifers is complex due to contrasting matrix and fracture properties.
  • Transient hydraulic tomography (THT) is a robust technique for estimating hydraulic and storage properties in such settings.
  • THT performance is influenced by data quality and the optimization method used in inversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the performance of gradient and gradient-free optimizers in THT inversion for fractured aquifers.
  • To evaluate the impact of data quality, specifically signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), on THT inversion results.
  • To compare the effectiveness of Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Nelder-Mead (NM) optimization algorithms.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments were conducted on a 2D granite block with a known fracture pattern.
  • Cross-hole pumping tests were performed, with drawdown responses monitored at various ports.
  • Datasets were inverted using coupled simulation-optimization models with LM (gradient) and NM (gradient-free) methods, prioritizing high SNR data (SNR > 100).

Main Results:

  • Both LM and NM algorithms successfully identified preferential flow paths (fracture networks) in the hydraulic conductivity (K) and storage (S) tomograms.
  • The Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) optimizer demonstrated slightly superior performance during validation compared to the Nelder-Mead (NM) optimizer.
  • Excluding low-quality datasets (SNR ≤ 100) significantly enhanced the overall model performance.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of optimization method has a minor impact on THT model predictions in fractured aquifers.
  • Excluding low-quality data is crucial for improving the accuracy and reliability of THT characterization.
  • THT, when combined with appropriate data processing and optimization, is a valuable tool for understanding complex fractured aquifer systems.