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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

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Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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Collimation with hollow electron beams.

G Stancari1, A Valishev, G Annala

  • 1Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA. stancari@fnal.gov

Physical Review Letters
|September 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method uses a hollow electron beam to remove halo particles from high-energy beams in colliders. This technique enhances beam stability and allows for higher intensities without damaging the core beam.

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Area of Science:

  • High-energy physics
  • Particle accelerator technology
  • Beam dynamics

Background:

  • Intense high-energy beams in storage rings and colliders are crucial for research.
  • Controlling halo particles is essential for beam stability and preventing damage.
  • Conventional collimation systems face limitations with increasing beam intensities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel concept for controlled halo removal from high-energy beams.
  • To investigate the use of a hollow electron beam for collimation.
  • To extend the capabilities of current collimation systems beyond intensity limits.

Main Methods:

  • A novel concept involving the interaction of a circulating beam with a pulsed hollow electron beam.
  • Utilizing a 5-keV, magnetically confined hollow electron beam in a 2-m section of the ring.
  • Experimental testing at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated controlled halo removal from high-energy beams.
  • The hollow electron beam transversely kicks halo particles, leaving the core beam unaffected.
  • Successful collimation of 980-GeV antiprotons was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The hollow electron beam collimator acts as a tunable diffusion enhancer, not a hard aperture.
  • This concept extends conventional collimation systems beyond intensity limits.
  • The novel method shows promise for future high-intensity particle colliders.