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Updated: May 29, 2026

Single Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy on Planar Supported Bilayers
Published on: October 31, 2015
Video-rate fluorescence lifetime imaging camera with CMOS single-photon avalanche diode arrays and high-speed imaging
David D-U Li1, Jochen Arlt, David Tyndall
1University of Sussex, Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Informatics, Brighton BN1 9QT, United Kingdom. david.li@sussex.ac.uk
None:
A high-speed and hardware-only algorithm using a center of mass method has been proposed for single-detector fluorescence lifetime sensing applications. This algorithm is now implemented on a field programmable gate array to provide fast lifetime estimates from a 32 × 32 low dark count 0.13 microm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) plus time-to-digital converter array. A simple look-up table is included to enhance the lifetime resolvability range and photon economics, making it comparable to the commonly used least-square method and maximum-likelihood estimation based software. To demonstrate its performance, a widefield microscope was adapted to accommodate the SPAD array and image different test samples. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy on fluorescent beads in Rhodamine 6G at a frame rate of 50 fps is also shown.

