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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Single Plane Illumination Module and Micro-capillary Approach for a Wide-field Microscope
08:53

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Published on: August 15, 2014

Subwavelength-size solid immersion lens.

Myun-Sik Kim1, Toralf Scharf, Mohammad Tahdiul Haq

  • 1Optics & Photonics Technology Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Breguet 2, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland. myunsik.kim@epfl.ch

Optics Letters
|October 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We fabricated nanoscale solid immersion lenses (nano-SILs) smaller than a wavelength. These nano-SILs demonstrate reduced spot sizes and increased optical intensity, confirming their effectiveness for high-resolution imaging.

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Published on: December 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Subwavelength optics require advanced light-manipulating nanostructures.
  • Solid immersion lenses (SILs) enhance optical resolution by increasing the numerical aperture.
  • Miniaturization of SILs to the nanoscale is crucial for next-generation optical systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize nanoscale solid immersion lenses (nano-SILs) with dimensions approaching the subwavelength scale.
  • To evaluate the optical performance of nano-SILs in terms of focal spot characteristics.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using nano-SILs for high-resolution optical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of submicrometer cylinders using electron-beam lithography.
  • Thermal reflow process to achieve spherical nano-SIL shapes.
  • Soft lithography for transferring nano-SILs onto transparent substrates.
  • Optical characterization using a high-resolution interference microscope at 642 nm wavelength.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of nano-SILs with sizes down to the subwavelength range.
  • Observed reduction in focal spot size compared to conventional optics.
  • Demonstrated enhanced optical intensity at the focal point.
  • Experimental results consistent with the predicted immersion effect.

Conclusions:

  • Nano-SILs can be effectively fabricated using a combination of electron-beam lithography and soft lithography.
  • The fabricated nano-SILs exhibit significant optical performance improvements, including spot-size reduction and intensity enhancement.
  • These findings highlight the potential of nano-SILs for advanced optical microscopy and nanophotonics.