Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 28, 2026
11:23
Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein
Published on: June 30, 2019
Class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase C2alpha: what we learned so far
1Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Diabetes Inositide Signalling Group, London El 2AT UK.
International Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|October 5, 2011
Summary
Class II phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) are enigmatic enzymes. Recent research on PI3K-C2α, the alpha isoform of mammalian class II PI3Ks, is beginning to reveal its functions and potential role in human diseases.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Class II phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) remain poorly understood compared to other PI3K classes.
- Key questions persist regarding their activation, downstream effectors, and physiological roles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize recent findings on the alpha isoform of mammalian class II PI3Ks (PI3K-C2α).
- To discuss the potential involvement of PI3K-C2α in human diseases.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on PI3K-C2α.
- Analysis of experimental data and functional studies related to PI3K-C2α.
Main Results:
- Emerging data are starting to elucidate the specific functions and regulatory mechanisms of PI3K-C2α.
- Evidence suggests PI3K-C2α may play a role in various cellular processes.
Conclusions:
- Significant progress has been made in understanding PI3K-C2α, but further research is needed.
- PI3K-C2α represents a potential target for understanding and treating human diseases.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:11IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
01:42Phosphoinositides and PIPs
Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
01:16Calmodulin-dependent Signaling
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
01:15Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers
Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
01:12What are Second Messengers?
Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
01:22PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...