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Related Concept Videos

Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
X-Inactivation01:58

X-Inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
X-inactivation01:58

X-inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides
09:58

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Published on: November 29, 2016

Long live sox2: sox2 lasts a lifetime.

Grégory Driessens1, Cédric Blanpain

  • 1Université Libre de Bruxelles, IRIBHM, Belgium.

Cell Stem Cell
|October 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sox2, a crucial transcription factor, marks long-lived adult stem cells. This finding is vital for maintaining tissue homeostasis across various adult organs.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sox2 is essential for embryonic pluripotency and epithelial development.
  • Understanding adult stem cell populations is key to tissue regeneration and repair.

Discussion:

  • Arnold et al. identify Sox2 as a marker for long-lived adult stem cells.
  • This research highlights Sox2's role in maintaining tissue homeostasis in diverse adult tissues.

Key Insights:

  • Sox2 expression identifies quiescent stem cells with long-term self-renewal capacity.
  • The study links Sox2 to the fundamental process of tissue maintenance in adults.

Outlook:

  • Further research can explore therapeutic applications targeting Sox2-marked stem cells.
  • This work provides a foundation for understanding stem cell dynamics in aging and disease.