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Related Concept Videos

Irritable Bowel Syndrome01:23

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility PatternsDisordered...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are:
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome III: Medical and Nursing Management01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome III: Medical and Nursing Management

Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) involves a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and medication.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...

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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Published on: September 22, 2019

The shifting interface between IBS and IBD.

Robin Spiller1, Ching Lam

  • 1NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom. robin.spiller@nottingham.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|October 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is not purely psychological. Immune activation, gut barrier dysfunction, and genetic links to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) suggest biological underpinnings. Further research into microbiota and anti-inflammatory treatments is needed.

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Perturbations of Circulating miRNAs in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Detected Using a Multiplexed High-throughput Gene Expression Platform
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Published on: November 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Emerging data challenges the view of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) as solely psychological.
  • Postinfectious IBS studies reveal gut mucosal abnormalities, including immune activation and inflammatory mediator release, overlapping with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
  • Genetic factors predisposing to IBD are also linked to IBS, suggesting shared pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the biological underpinnings of IBS.
  • To explore the roles of gut immunity, barrier function, genetics, and microbiota in IBS.
  • To assess the potential of anti-inflammatory treatments for IBS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on IBS, IBD, gut immunity, and microbiota.
  • Analysis of data on mucosal abnormalities, genetic associations, gut barrier function, and mast cell activation in IBS.
  • Evaluation of current evidence for anti-inflammatory therapies and microbiota alterations in IBS.

Main Results:

  • Distinct gut mucosal abnormalities, including immune activation and increased inflammatory mediators, are observed in IBS, with overlap with IBD.
  • Impaired gut barrier function is a common feature, potentially preceding IBD or resulting from infection/stress in IBS.
  • Stress-activated mast cells are implicated in IBS, suggesting potential benefit from anti-inflammatory treatments, though evidence is currently weak.
  • Microbiota dysbiosis is noted in CD, with inconsistent findings in IBS requiring further controlled studies.

Conclusions:

  • IBS has significant biological components, including immune and barrier dysfunction, challenging purely psychological models.
  • Genetic links and stress-induced mast cell activation provide further evidence for biological mechanisms in IBS.
  • Targeting mast cells with anti-inflammatory agents may offer therapeutic potential for IBS, but requires larger clinical trials.
  • Further research controlling for confounding factors is necessary to understand microbiota changes in IBS.