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Updated: May 28, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
Published on: March 1, 2017
Creation of the virtual patient for the study of facial morphology
1Department of Orthodontics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Dentistry, 1919 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ckau@uab.edu
Abstract:
The author provides an overview of the new imaging technologies that allow the practitioner to accurately capture the patient's soft tissue facial morphology and underlying bones and teeth, including details of dental model integration. This article describes how a virtual patient is created and manipulated and the practical use of this technology. It takes the quantification of the 3D surface further by proposing a reference framework of landmarks of craniofacial structure that can be used for comparison of surgical change, growth, gender, and phenotype.
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