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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Generation of Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Libraries for Nucleosome Density Analysis
10:05

Generation of Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Libraries for Nucleosome Density Analysis

Published on: December 12, 2017

Nucleosomes and the accessibility problem.

Xin Wang1, Lu Bai, Gene O Bryant

  • 1Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|October 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA packaging in nucleosomes doesn't primarily rely on DNA sequences. Instead, DNA-binding proteins control nucleosome positioning, with flanking nucleosomes regulating transcription.

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Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates
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Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Generation of Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Libraries for Nucleosome Density Analysis
10:05

Generation of Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Libraries for Nucleosome Density Analysis

Published on: December 12, 2017

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates
09:13

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic DNA is organized into nucleosomes, which package the genome.
  • The accessibility of regulatory DNA sites within nucleosomes is crucial for gene regulation.
  • Understanding how nucleosome positioning influences transcription factor binding is a key question in molecular biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the primary determinants of nucleosome positioning at regulatory DNA sites.
  • To explore how nucleosomes affect the accessibility of transcription regulators.
  • To identify mechanisms by which regulatory sites are exposed despite nucleosome occupancy.

Main Methods:

  • The study primarily cites existing evidence and experimental findings from yeast models.
  • Analysis of DNA sequence propensities versus protein-mediated positioning.
  • Examination of nucleosome dynamics (formation and removal) around regulatory sites.

Main Results:

  • Nucleosome positioning is mainly dictated by specific DNA-binding proteins, not intrinsic DNA sequence preferences.
  • Nucleosomes can impede transcription regulator binding, but this can be overcome by specific strategies.
  • DNA sequences influence the formation and removal rates of flanking nucleosomes, affecting basal transcription.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleosome positioning is primarily protein-driven, challenging the 'nucleosome-free' regulatory site model.
  • Flanking nucleosomes regulate basal transcription and are dynamically removed upon transcriptional induction.
  • These findings highlight the interplay between DNA sequence, proteins, and chromatin structure in gene regulation.