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Published on: August 25, 2023
Complex systems, evolution, and animal models
1Americans For Medical Advancement, 2251 Refugio Rd, Goleta, CA 93117, USA. DrRayGreek@aol.com
Summary
Animal models, including humans and nonhumans, are complex systems with distinct evolutionary paths. This complexity impacts their reliability as predictive models for human drug and disease responses.
Area of Science:
- Comparative biology
- Evolutionary medicine
- Pharmacology
Background:
- The use of animal models in biomedical research is a widely accepted practice.
- However, the validity of animal models for predicting human responses to drugs and diseases has been questioned.
- Arguments concerning the utility of animal models necessitate a deeper examination of their biological underpinnings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To address recent arguments regarding the use of animal models.
- To examine the biological complexity and evolutionary divergence of animals (human and nonhuman).
- To discuss the implications of evolutionary trajectories for the predictive value of animal models in human health.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and critical analysis of existing arguments on animal model utility.
- Examination of comparative biology principles related to evolutionary trajectories.
- Discussion of the implications of these principles for translational research.
Main Results:
- Animals, both human and nonhuman, are recognized as intricate biological systems.
- Significant differences exist in the evolutionary histories and trajectories of various animal species.
- These evolutionary divergences present challenges for direct extrapolation of findings from one species to another.
Conclusions:
- The distinct evolutionary paths of animals must be considered when evaluating their suitability as models for human disease and drug response.
- A nuanced understanding of comparative biology is crucial for improving the predictive accuracy of animal models.
- Future research should focus on integrating evolutionary perspectives to refine the application of animal models in biomedical science.
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