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[Fungal nail infections--an update: Part 1--Prevalence, epidemiology, predisposing conditions, and differential

P Nenoff1, G Ginter-Hanselmayer, H-J Tietz

  • 1Haut- und Laborarzt/Allergologie, Andrologie, Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Strasse des Friedens 8, 04579, Mölbis, Deutschland. nenoff@mykologie-experten.de

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|November 1, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Onychomycosis, a chronic fungal nail infection, is increasingly seen in children and linked to diabetes. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing complications like diabetic foot syndrome.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Dermatology

Context:

  • Onychomycosis is a prevalent chronic fungal nail infection, predominantly caused by dermatophytes like Trichophyton rubrum.
  • While less common, yeasts and molds can also cause onychomycosis, necessitating differentiation between causative agents and contaminants.
  • The point prevalence in Germany is 12.4%, with a notable increase in childhood cases.

Purpose:

  • To review the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical significance of onychomycosis.
  • To highlight the association between onychomycosis and diabetes mellitus, including its role as a predictor for diabetic foot syndrome.
  • To discuss differential diagnoses and the impact of onychomycosis on quality of life.

Summary:

  • Dermatophytes are the primary cause of onychomycosis, but yeasts and molds can also be involved.
  • An increasing incidence in children and a strong link with diabetes mellitus are significant epidemiological trends.
  • Onychomycosis is an independent predictor of diabetic foot syndrome and foot ulcers, underscoring its clinical importance.

Impact:

  • Onychomycosis diagnosis requires excluding other nail conditions, with psoriasis noted as a factor for secondary fungal growth.
  • The condition significantly impacts patients' quality of life, causing stigmatization.
  • Understanding these aspects is vital for effective patient management and public health strategies.

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