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Abrasion Resistance of Concrete

Abrasion Resistance of Concrete

Abrasion resistance is an essential characteristic of concrete that determines its durability and longevity under various wear conditions. Concrete surfaces are vulnerable to different types of abrasion. For instance, surfaces may wear down due to the constant movement of vehicles or be eroded by solids carried in water, as seen in concrete canal linings. Specific tests are conducted to measure the abrasion resistance of concrete.
One such test is the revolving disc test, where three plates...

Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in the...

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

Aggregate shape is classified based on the relative sharpness or roundness of the edges and corners. This classification includes categories like rounded, angular, elongated, and flaky, each with specific characteristics. Rounded aggregates, fully shaped by attrition, are typical of river or seashore gravel, while angular aggregates, such as crushed rock, have well-defined edges. Aggregates that are elongated and flaky are less desirable, as they can reduce the workability and strength of...

Acid Attack on Concrete

Acid Attack on Concrete

When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
The rate at which hydrogen...

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the aggregate...

Quarrying of Stone

Quarrying of Stone

Quarrying is the process of extracting stone from a quarry, where specialized techniques are employed to remove large blocks of stone safely and efficiently. This process can involve controlled explosions or more precision-oriented methods such as cutting and drilling.
One common method involves using a diamond belt saw to cut large blocks from the quarry face. These blocks can be about 50 feet long and 12 feet high. After the initial vertical cut, drilling is performed at the base of the block.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Experimental Protocol to Investigate Particle Aerosolization of a Product Under Abrasion and Under Environmental Weathering

Experimental Protocol to Investigate Particle Aerosolization of a Product Under Abrasion and Under Environmental Weathering

Published on: September 16, 2016

Abrasion of yardangs.

Zhen-Ting Wang¹, Hong-Tao Wang, Qing-He Niu

¹Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China. wang_zhen_ting00@sohu.com

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|November 9, 2011

Summary

A new abrasion number (An) quantifies sand grain impacts on yardangs. This model helps estimate erosion rates and reconstruct past wind activity in arid regions, including Mars.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Experimental Protocol to Investigate Particle Aerosolization of a Product Under Abrasion and Under Environmental Weathering

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Published on: September 16, 2016

Laboratory and Field Protocol for Estimating Sheet Erosion Rates from Dendrogeomorphology

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Area of Science:

Geology
Geomorphology
Planetary Science

Background:

Yardangs are wind-eroded rock formations found in arid environments.
Understanding aeolian abrasion is crucial for interpreting geological records and planetary surface evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a mechanical model for sand grain-yardang collisions.
To introduce a new parameter, the abrasion number (An), as a similarity criterion for abrasion experiments.
To assess the model's applicability to natural conditions and estimate yardang abrasion rates.

Main Methods:

Classical mechanics principles applied to model sand grain-yardang impacts.
Derivation of the dimensionless abrasion number (An).
Analysis of yardang abrasion rates in the Qaidam Basin, China (1986-2010).

Main Results:

The volume of material removed per impact is proportional to the abrasion number (An).
An incorporates target material properties like Young's modulus and yield stress.
Yardang abrasion rates in the Qaidam Basin range from 0.011-0.398 mm/yr.
Significant abrasion events correlate with strong wind conditions.

Conclusions:

The abrasion number (An) serves as a robust similarity criterion for abrasion studies.
The model accurately estimates natural yardang erosion rates.
This research aids in reconstructing aeolian activity history from yardang morphology, with implications for Mars exploration.