Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 27, 2026

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
Published on: October 28, 2020
Natural history of end-stage LV dysfunction: has it improved from the classic Franciosa and Cohn Graph?
Daniel Jacoby1, Oltjan Albajrami, Lavanya Bellumkonda
1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. daniel.jacoby@yale.edu
Abstract:
The pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, and downstream effects cause decline in multiple systems. Medical therapies intended to slow or reverse disease progression have been shown to improve prognosis in prospective trials. Improvement in prognosis has also been observed in large cohorts across time strata. However, near-term mortality for those with advanced disease remains unacceptably high. Prognosis in advanced heart failure may be assessed with the appropriate use of clinical prediction tools. Optimal timing of evaluation for heart transplantation and/or mechanical circulatory support depends on an understanding of these issues.
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