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Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

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Using transcription machinery engineering to elicit complex cellular phenotypes.

Amanda M Lanza1, Hal S Alper

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global transcription machinery engineering (gTME) reprograms cellular metabolism for improved chemical production. This method screens transcription factor mutants to achieve complex traits like enhanced tolerance and productivity in engineered cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Metabolic Engineering
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cellular hosts are crucial for producing chemicals like pharmaceuticals and fuels.
  • Current metabolic engineering methods struggle with complex, multigenic traits such as tolerance and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and detail Global Transcription Machinery Engineering (gTME) as a method to elicit complex cellular phenotypes.
  • To demonstrate gTME's applicability in reprogramming cellular metabolism and regulation for desired outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • gTME involves screening mutant libraries of transcription-related proteins.
  • Dominant mutant alleles are selected for their ability to reprogram cellular systems.
  • The process utilizes directed evolution principles with iterative screening.

Main Results:

  • gTME has been successfully applied to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.
  • Demonstrated improvements in environmental tolerances, metabolite production, and substrate utilization.
  • Successfully elicited complex, non-pathway-based cellular phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • gTME is a versatile and effective methodology for engineering complex cellular phenotypes.
  • The approach offers a powerful tool for advancing the production of chemicals using cellular hosts.
  • gTME provides a framework for enhancing cellular performance beyond traditional metabolic engineering limits.