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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

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Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
07:26

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Published on: October 7, 2013

Multiple-wave diffraction in high energy resolution back-reflecting x-ray optics.

Yuri P Stetsko1, J W Keister, D S Coburn

  • 1National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|November 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple-wave diffraction impacts x-ray Bragg diffraction efficiency in novel optical schemes. Careful crystal orientation minimizes these losses without affecting energy resolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Crystallography
  • Optics

Background:

  • Novel optical schemes utilize Bragg diffraction for high-resolution x-ray analysis.
  • Asymmetrically cut crystals in backscattering geometry are key to achieving sub-Bragg energy resolutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of multiple-wave diffraction on a novel x-ray Bragg diffraction scheme.
  • To identify methods for mitigating efficiency losses caused by multiple-wave diffraction.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations using dynamic x-ray diffraction theory.
  • Experimental validation through two-dimensional angular scans of back-reflecting crystals.

Main Results:

  • Multiple-wave diffraction was observed to reduce scheme efficiency by up to several tens percent.
  • Efficiency losses can be avoided by precise azimuthal crystal orientation.
  • Tilting the crystal perpendicular to the dispersion plane also mitigates losses.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple-wave diffraction is a significant factor affecting efficiency in this x-ray diffraction scheme.
  • Optimizing crystal orientation and tilt angle can prevent efficiency degradation.
  • The original scheme's high energy resolution is preserved when managing multiple-wave diffraction effects.