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Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Methyl-binding DNA capture Sequencing for Patient Tissues
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Published on: October 31, 2016

SA2RAGE: a new sequence for fast B1+ -mapping.

Florent Eggenschwiler1, Tobias Kober, Arthur W Magill

  • 1Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|December 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a fast 3D B1+ mapping technique for high-field MRI. It accurately measures radiofrequency field strength, crucial for improving image quality and enabling advanced shimming methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • High magnetic field strengths (≥ 3T) in MRI exacerbate radiofrequency (RF) transmit magnetic field (B1+) inhomogeneities due to wavelength effects.
  • Existing methods like RF-shimming and transmit SENSE require accurate B1+ field characterization for effective mitigation.
  • Undesirable B1+ variations can significantly impact image quality and quantitative accuracy in MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel, rapid, phase-sensitive 3D B1+-mapping technique for high-field MRI.
  • To enable accurate characterization of B1+ field distribution in target organs.
  • To facilitate advanced B1+-shimming procedures by providing precise B1+ maps.

Main Methods:

  • A new phase-sensitive 3D B1+-mapping sequence was implemented.
  • The sequence allows acquisition of a 64 × 64 × 8 B1+-map in approximately 20 seconds.
  • Low flip angle excitations were predominantly used to minimize specific absorption rate (SAR).

Main Results:

  • The developed technique provides accurate relative B1+ mapping with a 10-fold dynamic range (0.2-2 times nominal B1+).
  • Validation in phantom experiments demonstrated the technique's accuracy and speed.
  • Successful application in phantom and human B1+-shimming using an 8-channel transmit-receive array was shown.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 3D B1+-mapping technique offers a rapid and accurate solution for characterizing B1+ inhomogeneities at high magnetic fields.
  • Its low SAR profile makes it suitable for in vivo applications, particularly for B1+-shimming.
  • This methodology advances the potential for improved image quality and quantitative MRI at high field strengths.