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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Published on: September 27, 2024

Unconscious translation during incidental foreign language processing.

Yan Jing Wu1, Guillaume Thierry

  • 1School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK. yanjing@bangor.ac.uk

Neuroimage
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilinguals unconsciously process words in both languages, even during non-language tasks. This study shows rapid, non-selective language access occurs automatically, influencing cognitive processes without conscious awareness.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Bilingualism Research

Background:

  • Bilingual word processing is often considered language nonselective.
  • Previous research focused on deliberate linguistic tasks, leaving the extent of non-target language access unclear in non-overt contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate involuntary word processing in bilingual individuals during a nonverbal task.
  • To determine if non-target language access occurs unconsciously even when language is not the focus.

Main Methods:

  • Chinese-English bilinguals performed a nonverbal shape judgment task (circles vs. squares).
  • Intervening English words were presented, some semantically related to shapes via Chinese translation.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically N200 amplitudes, were measured.

Main Results:

  • Increased N200 amplitudes were observed when ignored words' Chinese translations matched the task shapes, indicating inhibition.
  • No behavioral effects or lateralized readiness potential (LRP) effects were found, suggesting rapid inhibition.
  • This points to fast, unconscious access to the non-target language.

Conclusions:

  • Bilinguals exhibit fast and unconscious language nonselective access.
  • This occurs even when performing non-language tasks, challenging previous assumptions.
  • Cognitive processes are influenced by language access outside of explicit linguistic tasks.