Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Enhanced Oil Recovery using a Combination of Biosurfactants
13:19

Enhanced Oil Recovery using a Combination of Biosurfactants

Published on: June 3, 2022

[Effect of citric acid on synthesis of surfactants in Rhodococcus erythropolis IMV Ac-5017]

T P Pyroh, T A Shevchuk, M O Shuliakova

    Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine : 1993)
    |December 15, 2011
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols09:34

    Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols

    Published on: April 21, 2017

    Related Concept Videos

    Products of the Citric Acid Cycle00:53

    Products of the Citric Acid Cycle

    The cells of most organisms—including plants and animals—obtain usable energy through aerobic respiration, the oxygen-requiring version of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration consists of four major stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. The third major stage, the citric acid cycle, is also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
    The Citric Acid Cycle: Overview01:37

    The Citric Acid Cycle: Overview

    In aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration wherein molecules derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are oxidized into carbon dioxide and energy. This process is also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as the first product of the cycle, citric acid, contains three carboxyl groups in its structure. Alternatively, this cycle is also referred to as the Krebs cycle, in honor of its discoverer Sir Hans Krebs.
    The citric...
    Production of Organic Acids01:25

    Production of Organic Acids

    Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
    The Citric Acid Cycle02:36

    The Citric Acid Cycle

    The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle, consists of several energy-generating reactions that yield one ATP molecule, three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and two CO2 molecules.
    The Citric Acid Cycle: Output01:28

    The Citric Acid Cycle: Output

    The citric acid cycle is termed an amphibolic pathway as it operates both anabolically and catabolically. The cyclic reactions balance the flux of the substrates to provide an optimal concentration of NADH and ATP to the cell.
    Regulation of Citric Acid Cycle
    The citric acid cycle is regulated in several ways, including feedback inhibition, regulation of enzyme activities, and associated anaplerotic or cataplerotic pathways.
    The primary substrate of the TCA cycle—acetyl CoA—is produced by the...
    Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis01:13

    Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

    Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
    During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...