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Sequential adaptive mutations enhance efficient vector switching by Chikungunya virus and its epidemic emergence
Konstantin A Tsetsarkin1, Scott C Weaver
1Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.
Plos Pathogens
|December 17, 2011
Summary
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) evolution shows a second mutation enhancing its spread in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. This adaptation increases the risk of severe Chikungunya virus epidemics.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) re-emergence is linked to adaptation in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.
- An initial E1-A226V substitution facilitated CHIKV adaptation to A. albopictus.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate subsequent CHIKV evolution and adaptive mutations after initial vector adaptation.
- Determine the impact of a second mutation (E2-L210Q) on CHIKV fitness and transmission.
Main Methods:
- Utilized infectious CHIKV and virus-like replicon particles.
- Assessed CHIKV fitness in A. albopictus and A. aegypti mosquitoes.
- Analyzed mutations' effects on mosquito midgut epithelial cell infection.
Main Results:
- The E2-L210Q substitution significantly increased CHIKV dissemination in A. albopictus.
- E2-L210Q did not affect CHIKV fitness in A. aegypti or vertebrate cells.
- The E1-A226V mutation had a stronger effect on CHIKV fitness in A. albopictus than E2-L210Q.
Conclusions:
- A second adaptive mutation (E2-L210Q) has been selected in CHIKV circulating in A. albopictus.
- This mutation enhances CHIKV infection in A. albopictus, potentially increasing epidemic risk.
- Continuous CHIKV evolution drives increased virus circulation and persistence in endemic regions.
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