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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Multiscale dynamics in nucleocytoplasmic transport.

David Grünwald1, Robert H Singer

  • 1Delft University of Technology, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Bionanoscience, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands. d.grunwald@tudelft.nl

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is not just a simple channel but a dynamic structure with complex interactions. New research reveals its dynamic nature and highlights previously unrecognized regulatory sites for nuclear transport.

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Capturing Cytoskeleton-Based Agitation of the Mouse Oocyte Nucleus Across Spatial Scales
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Capturing Cytoskeleton-Based Agitation of the Mouse Oocyte Nucleus Across Spatial Scales

Published on: January 12, 2024

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Capturing Cytoskeleton-Based Agitation of the Mouse Oocyte Nucleus Across Spatial Scales
05:43

Capturing Cytoskeleton-Based Agitation of the Mouse Oocyte Nucleus Across Spatial Scales

Published on: January 12, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is traditionally viewed as a static channel for nucleocytoplasmic transport.
  • Understanding the dynamic nature of the NPC is crucial for comprehending cellular regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the traditional view of the NPC as a point-like channel.
  • To explore the dynamic spatial behavior and regulatory mechanisms of the NPC.

Main Methods:

  • Advanced imaging techniques to observe NPC dynamics.
  • Biochemical assays to identify interaction sites and regulatory factors.
  • Computational modeling to analyze transport processes.

Main Results:

  • The NPC exhibits dynamic spatial behavior over various timescales, from milliseconds to the entire cell cycle.
  • Discrete interaction sites outside the central channel are identified as critical for transport regulation.
  • NPC components show activity beyond the central channel, influencing cargo transport fate.

Conclusions:

  • The NPC is a highly dynamic and crowded environment, not a static pore.
  • Regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport involves previously unappreciated sites and mechanisms.
  • A new paradigm emphasizes the multiscale, dynamic nature of NPC-mediated transport.