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Related Concept Videos

States of Water01:23

States of Water

Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and pressure, that...
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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Dissipative localized States with shieldlike phase structure.

Marcel G Clerc1, Saliya Coulibaly, Mónica A Garcia-Ñustes

  • 1Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 487-3, Santiago, Chile.

Physical Review Letters
|January 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel dissipative solitons with dynamic phase fronts, distinct from constant phase solitons. These solitons exhibit unique shell-like structures and phase behaviors in different spatial dimensions.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear physics
  • Optical solitons
  • Dissipative systems

Background:

  • Solitons are stable, self-reinforcing wave packets.
  • Parametrically excited dissipative systems exhibit complex dynamics.
  • Existing solitons often possess constant phase fronts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To unveil a novel type of parametrically excited dissipative soliton.
  • To characterize its unique dynamical phase front.
  • To compare its behavior in one and two spatial dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical characterization of soliton properties.
  • Numerical simulations to confirm theoretical predictions.
  • Phase analysis in one and two spatial dimensions.

Main Results:

  • A new class of dissipative solitons with evolving shell-type phase fronts was identified.
  • Three types of stationary shell-like solitons were observed in one spatial dimension.
  • A single type of soliton with a π-phase jump was found in two spatial dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • The discovered solitons represent a significant departure from traditional constant phase solitons.
  • Their distinct phase dynamics offer new avenues for soliton research.
  • The dimensionality significantly influences the soliton's phase structure.