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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
The Phase Rule01:20

The Phase Rule

The phase rule describes the relationship between the variance (degrees of freedom), the number of components, and the number of phases in a system at equilibrium.Variance is a concept that denotes the number of independent intensive properties (properties are those that do not depend on the amount of material in the system), such as temperature, pressure, and composition, that can be altered without impacting the number of phases in equilibrium.In a single-component system, such as pure water,...
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

CEST phase mapping using a length and offset varied saturation (LOVARS) scheme.

Xiaolei Song1, Assaf A Gilad, Suresh Joel

  • 1Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|January 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new MRI method, length and offset varied saturation, improves detection of tumors and ischemia. This technique offers higher contrast-to-noise ratio and reduced artifacts for chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

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08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

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Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons
07:59

Alignment of Synchronized Time-Series Data Using the Characterizing Loss of Cell Cycle Synchrony Model for Cross-Experiment Comparisons

Published on: June 9, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Molecular Imaging

Background:

  • Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is a novel technique for cellular and molecular imaging.
  • CEST contrast enables detection of tumors and ischemia without gadolinium contrast agents.
  • Current CEST imaging methods are limited by B0 inhomogeneity and low contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new method for detecting CEST contrast, termed length and offset varied saturation (LOVS).
  • To address the limitations of existing CEST acquisition schemes, specifically sensitivity to B0 inhomogeneity and low CNR.
  • To generate a LOVS phase map that is insensitive to B0 inhomogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • The LOVS method acquires a series of images with varied saturation parameters to modulate CEST contrast.
  • Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) or General Linear Model (GLM) are used to decompose modulation patterns into water signal loss sources.
  • A LOVS phase map is generated after transformation, which is robust against B0 inhomogeneity.

Main Results:

  • LOVS phase mapping demonstrated approximately 3-4 times higher CNR compared to conventional Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR) asymmetry maps.
  • The LOVS method exhibited significantly reduced B0 artifacts.
  • Experiments were conducted on live mice bearing 9L gliosarcomas.

Conclusions:

  • LOVS is a promising new method for CEST MRI, overcoming key limitations of current techniques.
  • The enhanced CNR and B0 artifact reduction of LOVS facilitate wider adoption of CEST imaging.
  • LOVS enables more reliable and sensitive detection of pathological conditions using CEST MRI.