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Related Concept Videos

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
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An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
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Hospital-acquired infections.

Kevin W Lobdell1, Sotiris Stamou, Juan A Sanchez

  • 1Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, PO Box 32861, Charlotte, NC 28232, USA. kevin.lobdell@carolinashealthcare.org

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|January 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This review covers common and costly health-acquired infections (HAIs), including bloodstream, pneumonia, surgical site, and urinary tract infections. It focuses on well-studied HAIs, excluding specific resistant organisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Healthcare Epidemiology
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Health-acquired infections (HAIs) represent a significant global health challenge.
  • HAIs result from adverse reactions to infectious agents or their toxins.
  • These infections incur substantial direct, indirect, and intangible costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common, well-studied, and costly health-acquired infections.
  • To provide an overview of specific HAIs including bloodstream infections, pneumonia, surgical site infections, and urinary tract infections.
  • To exclude certain HAIs like Clostridium difficile infections and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus from the discussion.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of well-documented health-acquired infections.
  • Focus on common and costly HAI types.
  • Exclusionary criteria applied for specific infections.

Main Results:

  • Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a major concern.
  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) presents significant treatment challenges.
  • Surgical site infections (SSIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are prevalent and costly.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding common HAIs is crucial for effective prevention and management.
  • Targeted strategies are needed for high-burden HAIs.
  • Further research and implementation of best practices are essential to reduce HAI incidence and impact.