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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation
07:24

In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation

Published on: March 27, 2016

Influenza virus entry.

Ming Luo1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. mingluo@uab.edu

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Influenza virus enters host cells through a multi-step process involving hemagglutinin (HA). This fusion protein mediates receptor binding, endocytosis, and membrane fusion, enabling viral genome release for infection.

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Affinity Purification of Influenza Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from the Chromatin of Infected Cells

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation
07:24

In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation

Published on: March 27, 2016

Measuring Attachment and Internalization of Influenza A Virus in A549 Cells by Flow Cytometry
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Measuring Attachment and Internalization of Influenza A Virus in A549 Cells by Flow Cytometry

Published on: November 4, 2015

Affinity Purification of Influenza Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from the Chromatin of Infected Cells
11:20

Affinity Purification of Influenza Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from the Chromatin of Infected Cells

Published on: June 3, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Enveloped viruses, including influenza, utilize specific mechanisms for host cell entry.
  • Hemagglutinin (HA) is a critical viral glycoprotein mediating influenza virus entry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on the influenza virus entry pathway.
  • To elucidate the role of hemagglutinin (HA) in mediating viral entry.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on influenza virus entry mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the structural and functional properties of hemagglutinin (HA).

Main Results:

  • Influenza virus entry initiates with HA binding to sialic acid receptors on host cells.
  • HA triggers endocytosis, followed by conformational changes in acidic endosomes to facilitate membrane fusion and viral genome release.
  • HA is essential throughout the entire viral entry process.

Conclusions:

  • Hemagglutinin (HA) is central to influenza virus host cell entry.
  • Targeting HA-mediated entry presents a potential strategy for developing antiviral therapies against influenza.