Adult Scheuermann kyphosis: evaluation, management, and new developments

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Spinal Surgery
• Radiology

Background:

• Scheuermann kyphosis is a radiographic definition of structural hyperkyphosis involving anterior wedging of at least three consecutive vertebral bodies.
• This condition typically manifests during adolescence but can present in adulthood with unknown etiology.
• Management indications include progressive deformity, pain, cosmetic concerns, neurologic deficits, and cardiopulmonary compromise.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the indications for surgical intervention in Scheuermann kyphosis.
• To describe surgical approaches and correction principles.
• To identify common postoperative complications.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical indications for surgical management of Scheuermann kyphosis.
• Description of surgical techniques: posterior-only, anterior-only, and combined anterior-posterior approaches.
• Discussion of correction goals and potential complications.

Main Results:

• Surgical intervention is indicated for persistent pain and unacceptable deformity in significant kyphosis.
• Correction should encompass the entire kyphotic segment, not exceeding 50% of the original deformity.
• The most frequent postoperative complications observed are wound infection and loss of correction.

Conclusions:

• Surgical correction is a viable option for severe Scheuermann kyphosis with persistent symptoms.
• Careful surgical planning and execution are crucial to optimize outcomes and minimize risks.
• Awareness of potential complications like infection and loss of correction is essential for patient management.