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Related Concept Videos

Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
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The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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High-Throughput Automated Multiplex Immunofluorescence Assays for Translational Research
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Multiple immunofluorescence analysis of cells using flow cytometry.

M G Ormerod1

  • 1The Haddow Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The introduction of phycoerythrin (PE) revolutionized multi-antigen flow cytometry. This natural fluorochrome allows simultaneous excitation with fluorescein, simplifying multicolor analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Multi-antigen detection in flow cytometry previously required two lasers.
  • Excitation of fluorescein and rhodamine derivatives necessitated distinct laser sources.
  • This limitation complicated simultaneous antigen measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce phycoerythrin (PE) as a novel fluorochrome for flow cytometry.
  • To demonstrate PE's utility in simplifying multicolor analysis.
  • To address the need for more efficient multi-antigen detection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized phycoerythrin (PE), a phycobiliprotein from red algae.
  • Excited PE at 488 nm, simultaneously with fluorescein.
  • Analyzed emission spectra and spectral overlap.

Main Results:

  • PE can be efficiently excited at 488 nm alongside fluorescein.
  • PE exhibits peak fluorescence at 578 nm, distinct from fluorescein's 520 nm peak.
  • Spectral overlap between PE and fluorescein requires correction.

Conclusions:

  • Phycoerythrin (PE) significantly advanced multicolor flow cytometry.
  • Simultaneous excitation of PE and fluorescein simplifies multi-antigen analysis.
  • Electronic or software-based spectral correction is necessary for accurate results.