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Related Concept Videos

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?

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Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
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Published on: June 5, 2016

Preparing or executing the wrong task: the influence on switch effects.

Charlotte Desmet1, Wim Fias, Marcel Brass

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, Belgium. charlotte.desmet@ugent.be

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|March 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Task execution strengthens task performance, influencing future task switching. Pre-execution preparation significantly impacts subsequent switch costs in task switching paradigms.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Performance
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous research suggested task execution strengthens task representation, influencing subsequent performance.
  • Task activation during response execution was hypothesized to determine switch effects.
  • Bivalent stimulus-response mappings in prior studies may have confounded results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of task execution and pre-execution processes on switch effects.
  • To clarify the influence of task errors versus response errors on subsequent task switching.
  • To examine the impact of task preparation on switch costs.

Main Methods:

  • Replication of a previous experiment using univalent stimulus-response mappings to overcome design limitations.
  • Comparison of switch effects following task errors and response errors.
  • A second experiment specifically investigating the effects of task preparation on switch costs.

Main Results:

  • Replicated findings of switch benefits after task errors using an improved experimental design.
  • Data indicated the significant role of pre-execution processes in determining subsequent switch effects.
  • Task preparation prior to response execution was shown to influence switch costs on the following trial.

Conclusions:

  • Task execution and preparation are critical factors influencing task switching efficiency.
  • Pre-execution processes, specifically task preparation, play a crucial role in modulating switch costs.
  • Findings extend current models of task switching by highlighting the predictive power of preparatory processes.